The Legacy Of Soul Music - 1509 Words

Soul is a music genre that over five decades or so remains very popular in the music industry. This may be due to the fact that soul has had a huge impact upon other genres. Shuker defines soul as a â€Å"secular version of gospel, soul was the major black musical form of the 1960s and 1970s and remained evident in various hybrid styles since, for example, contemporary neo-soul and soul jazz (312). The history of soul music is notable for producing a range of artists who have assisted African-American societies with societal and political issues through the rise and fall of soul music. In what follows, I will argue how soul music had a significant impact during the 1960s through bringing together both the white and black subcultures. Firstly, through examining the history and effects of slavery in the African-American societies. Secondly, by discussing the impact that two Mahalia Jackson and Issac Hayes, have had on giving African-American society a voice and lastly, discussing the assassination of Martin Luther King and the influence this tragedy has had on the content of soul music and the message it delivers. I will draw on the work of Roy Shuker (2012), particularly his notions of racism, gospel, motown and African-American; black music as key terms that have allowed soul music to become such a prominent form, crucial to the contemporary experience of popular music. Once soul music entered the music industry in the 1960’s, the rhythm and blues genre of the 1950s wasShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Ray Charles On American Culture1164 Words   |  5 Pagesmaking his artistic visions come to life by fusing the sounds of blues, gospel, jazz, and RB, making him one of the leading soul artists of the 1950s. 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Personally, I never listened to it until I made it to college, and it has quickly become one of my favorite genres. For that reason is why I chose to write this paper on Reggae music. This genre is a very calming and relaxing style of music, which helps meRead MoreA Personal Statemen t689 Words   |  3 PagesHe did not mean that people are unimportant; far from it. What he meant was that the people are only as strong as their country, culture, and nation. Contributing to the culture, as an aggregate of collective artifacts such as ceremonies, art, and music, has greater value than anything else I can. Thinking of my country first impacts all Kuwaiti people and not just those that I meet or work with. Therefore, I have internalized my grandfathers worldview and applied it to what I do and what I willRead MoreWho Is a True Genius1007 Words   |  5 PagesKim Danya R. Yap | 2010-34913 | Anthro10 X2 | Mr. Esteban | May 2, 2011 Wisest Is He Who Knows Who the True Genius Is There have been numerous advances in science, mathematics, medicine, art, music, literature, and technology thanks to different scientists, mathematicians, musicians, writers, and artists. As a result, life has been made generally more interesting and comfortable. Work, transportation, communication and the like have become faster, easier, and more manageable than centuries agoRead MorePythagoras s Influence On The Founding Of Calculus1707 Words   |  7 Pagesequations was when he passed blacksmiths at work one day and thought that the sounds emanating from their anvils were beautiful and harmonious and decided that whatever scientific law caused this to happen must be mathematical and could be applied to music. He went to the blacksmiths to learn how the sounds were produced by looking at their tools. 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Corporate Social Responsiblity and Wal-Mart Free Essays

Corporate Social Responsibility and Wal-Mart Corporations deal with a wide variety of social issues and problems; some directly related to their operations, some are not. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be defined as â€Å"the actions of an organization that are targeted toward achieving a social benefit over and above maximizing profits for its shareholders and meeting all its legal obligations† (Ghillyer 78). If this is the case, establishing appropriate and practical ethical guidelines in the workplace seems to be a reasonable request as a basis for corporate operations. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Social Responsiblity and Wal-Mart or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wal-Mart should be an example in determining what constitutes the values associated with its fundamental purpose of Corporate Social Responsibility. The four components of CSR are financial, legal, ethical, and philanthropic (Barnett). These areas of CSR ought to exist within every company’s infrastructure; however, the organization’s primary focus is usually on performance and profit not on social conscientiousness. Financial being the first component of CSR is often the major factor in a company’s consideration of ethical standards. The main goal of any business is to keep its costs low and to earn a profit. Financial responsibilities in regards to CSR means that society expects that a corporation will produce needed goods and services that are desired by customers and sell those goods and services at a reasonable price while still earning a profit. The organization strives to be efficient and profitable along with keeping the best interest of the shareholders in mind (Barnett). Financially, the Wal-Mart Corporation is a multi-billion dollar industry with close to two million employees worldwide. On the positive side, Wal-Mart’s motto is â€Å"Always low prices. Always! They uphold this motto by providing low prices to consumers with a high return on investment to satisfy stockholders. On the negative side, with jobs currently being scarce, Wal-Mart seems to manage keeping costs low by demanding high productivity from their associates (employees) with seemingly low compensation. In addition, most associates cannot afford to be covered by health insurance. The consequence of this treatment of personnel is a high employee turnover rate, which seems to question management’s view that the organization is a family (â€Å"The NEW Age of Walmart†). The second component of CSR, which is representative of the legal standards and obligations, refers to the expectation that a corporation will follow the rules set down by society. This means the organization is to comply with government laws used to protect employees’, stakeholders, customers, suppliers, the community, and other competition in the marketplace. An individual business could have thousands of legal responsibilities governing almost every aspect of their operations, including consumer and product laws, environmental laws, and employment laws (Barnett). The legal challenges that face Wal-Mart are numerous. Before Wal-Mart decides to build a new store, it researches and visits specific site locations in conjunction with considering the neighborhood. It does so discretely as not attract attention attempting to protect against opposition to the development of a new store. Defenders of Wal-Mart propose the overall advantages to the community, which includes economic benefits and consumer choice. Opponents to a new Wal-Mart have concerns over traffic congestion, public safety, and competition to small business. Often there can be protests from labor unions, environmental groups, and other wary citizens (â€Å"The NEW Age of Walmart†). Ethics is the third component of Corporate Social Responsibility. The ethical responsibilities concern societal expectations that go beyond the law, such as the expectation that organizations will conduct their affairs in a fair and just way. This means that organization are expected to do more than just comply with the law, they are to do what is considered right by society’s standards. Organizations should make proactive efforts to anticipate and meet the norms of society even if the law does not formally enact those norms. Ethics are a necessary and critical ingredient in any business that wants to be successful (Barnett). Wal-Mart seems to address the fact that there should be a code of ethics. The application of corporate ethical behavior needs to be dealt with on a personal and professional level. The key for Wal-Mart is to help their associates indentify if their actions are right or wrong. They rely on a system of training and business practices started by its founder, Sam Walton (â€Å"The NEW Age of Walmart†). Lastly, one of the most overlooked areas of CSR is the fourth component of philanthropic and discretionary responsibilities. In other words, this means society expects that corporations be good citizens that they will show concern for humanity. It may involve such things as performing charitable actions, supporting programs that benefit a community or nation, and donating expertise time and/or services to worthy causes (Barnett). In this area, the future of Wal-Mart looks promising if it is willing to recognize their duty to society. With its tremendous size, the organization is faced with being an example to other corporations. It is trying to make efforts such as supporting the environment, but they have just begun to scrap the surface. It will require balance between profit and social responsibility (â€Å"The NEW Age of Walmart†). Works Cited Barnett, Tim. â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility. † 2010. Reference for Business: Encyclopedia of Business, 2nd ed. Web. 27 Dec. 2010. . Ghillyer, Andrew W. Business Ethics: A Real World Approach, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw- Hill, 2010. Print. â€Å"The NEW Age Of Walmart. † CNBC Originals. 23 Sept. 2009. Video. 27 Dec. 2010. . How to cite Corporate Social Responsiblity and Wal-Mart, Papers

Human Being and Their Personality

Question: Discuss about the Human Being and Their Personality. Answer: Introduction The human being wants clothes that not only cover their body, but also reflects their personality. Every person chooses clothes that represent their personalities, culture, and desires. The persons behind the design cloths for all are the fashion designer who made a huge fashion industry. Fashion designers perform in a number of ways in designing their cloth and other thing related to garments. These fashion designers use different and innovative techniques which express the peoples minds by the way of their clothing style. London has a wide range of local and foreign designers which have combined with modern English style. The vintage style of designing with innovative and fusion traditional style is popular in British fashion. In this essay we admire the fashion designer John Galliano, who struggled a lot with his financial conditions were not good, for his hard working and dedicated to the fashion world he became the main fashion designer at Christian Dior (Vogue UK, 2016). We als o explain the technology he used in his work and different factors that influence his designs, pattern making, and collection on a particular season. When John Galliano joins Dior, the fashion world recognizes his potential powers as a fashion designer. He became worldwide famous in his first fashion show. Development Process Proper research gives dynamic ideas to any designer for making and developing the different designs and its original thoughts and collection of innovative ideas give new inspiration in their collection. The development process of John Galliano is an activity, through which he established and provides the viewers with an insight into the thinking, their interest, aspirations and the innovative and creative vision of his designs (Reuters, 2016). Galliano selection of fabric process is also unique, as his design was inspired by history; he also manages the second-hand fabric to give a unique look. This fusion shows that how the John Galliano is keenly dedicated and has a passion for designing. Pattern Making As pattern designing is a modern art in fashion. Pattern is an Art of shaping and manipulating a raw piece of fabric to finish one. It bridges between design production. A drawn sketch which is a two-dimensional illustration on canvas or paper can be turned into a garment through a pattern which complements the design of garment components (Jones, 2015). A designer converts the flat raw piece of cloth into a three-dimensional form, which fits the customer body. Pattern designing must be used in an effective manner. In John Galliano pattern making, he is famous for creating wonderful stories and characters in his designer collection. He believes that telling stories in a collection is innovative thought. But a designer should be focused that thing is about the clothes despite all the fantasy. His designs show the free pattern style. In his designs, the curves flow and change as they move around the body. In his patterns, the important figures are crafted. Technology Digital fashion is the bridge between digital technology and couture. It is an innovative way to manufacture fabrics using computer technologies. This technology gives an upper hand to provide numerous ways to design clothes in different ways, with a large and unique variety of color patterns (Reuters, 2016). It not only saves time in producing things but also reach with cost benefit for both designers and customers. Technologies used in experiments and innovative ideas make John Galliano famous international British designer. He uses the modern technology for digital printing and for three-dimensional effects in clothing. He has the technology to use second-hand cloth materials and from diverse sources, he was able to create a completely new look finished design. His love of bias cut gives added fluidity to the irregular hemlines of a man of his designs. Having a taste of 18th century where dandyism frightened in, he normally uses the fabrics with a designer twist as he loves to experiment and different challenges. One of his collections he presented a Napoleon elegance jacket giving the part of sexiness that saturates his work (Reuters, 2016). In 2010 his spring collection having digital technology shows his experience of work and interest. Galliano produced the designs at the cheapest cost with the help of normal fabrics. His designs are on the other hand were creative (Reuters, 2016). Political factor Political trend plays quite a critical role for fashion designers. Present political changes are the reflection of todays fashion. When we linked the relation between fashion and politics, we realize that fashion is not only a matter of visualization and artistic, but it also contains politics features also. As John Galliano concern with political influences in his designing is not much affected. He believes in innovative design with less cost and always accepts challenges that impact on his designing (Kim, 2013). John believes fashion is linked with interest and ideas that cross beyond the limits and thats why he inspired by the China culture. Social and cultural factors For every fashion designer, it is important to know the social culture of his innovative designs. High culture always inspired by the visualization of designers like ancient painting stories of empires, sculptures, and other forms. The creative fashion designer always expresses their message through their innovative designs. Galliano linked his social style by creating themes and styles based on the romantic message, from the past he always connects the people with empire collection, Napoleon style (Bustle.com, 2016). He mixes cultural and history fusion that makes his design more innovative and creative. Aesthetic Factor Aesthetics contain known values and customs. Fashion designer engaged about the aesthetic factor by exploring the pattern and features of designs that provide meaning. Aesthetic shows the experiences and values of the society at any ancient time or present time. An innovative time of aesthetic occurs when fine design recognized. John Galliano is recognized for his fusion of romantic and progressive aesthetic designs. John Gallianos exit as a fashion designer at Christian Dior takes to an end a wild fashion journey. In 2011, Galliano comes in the limelight for his controversial behavior and becomes the hot topic in the fashion world (Di Trocchio, 2011). The designer was suspended in February; Dior announced in March that the company began proceedings to permanently dismiss John Galliano. The 50-year-old fashion designer, who is famous for his romantic and theatrical fashion designs have a controversial collection in 2000 that was inspired by the homeless people, their coats tailored with broken stitches, contrasted lady gowns (Shin Yu Kyung, 2011). Focus on season collection We often hear the word spring fashion, winter fashion, and other seasonal fashion. A designer launches his or her new collection of garments that are worn in a particular season. The designers are very particular about the colours, fabrics that match the combination with the season. Some designers focused on the fusion of collection, i.e. mix and match combination. John Galliano is the designer of all the seasons. Galliano collection has never failed to surprise the audience. His each designed to express a complete historic theme with great empire personalities and inspired for the season as well (Mejdal, 2014). He manages his seasonal collection so well that inspires the audience and beautifully understood by the people. In 2000 his spring collection based on the homeless theme comes with the controversy and even his critics acknowledgment John Galliano designs excites the customers and Dior sales had doubled since the joining of Galliano. Conclusion The desired vision in John Gallianos designs, which commonly rethink method and shape, and the great creativity, of his cut style, ensured his reputation as one of the greatest British designer. After the significant research, competitor analysis the designers can identify a proper and a particular market for their customer and their fashion vision. John Galliano collection displays the large variety of potentials in his work that encourage other fashion designers also. He is the designer of all the season and work with high technology having innovative pattern making and used creative development process in his style. Gallianos first fashion design collection for Christian Dior was the historicism in full- puffed evening gowns and his designs represent his historical research (Night Spirits, 1010). Sometime in his collection inspired from different cultures, ancient empires. In considering the remarkable quality of his designs, in the 90s, his fashion presentation was full of theatrical, by his own name and the principle designer for the Christian Dior. References Bustle.com. (2016). [online] available at: https://www.bustle.com/articles/42900-john-galliano-joins-maison-martin-margiela-as-creative-director-hopes-to-make-amends-with-the-fashion [accessed 10 aug. 2016]. Di trocchio, p. (2011). maison martin margiela 20 the exhibition.Jour dres bod cul, 15(1), pp.99-108. Jones, k. (2015). when one dior closes : the discourse of designer changeovers at historic fashion houses.Fashion, style popular culture, 2(3), pp.321-331. Kim, s. (2013). Characteristics in the lingerie looks designed by john galliano.Family and environment research, 51(2), pp.147-159. Mejdal, a. (2014). Making the most of social media.Chance, 27(4), pp.28-30. Reuters. (2016).Ex-dior designer john galliano joins maison martin margiela. [online] available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-fashiongalliano-iduskcn0hv0xb20141006 [accessed 10 aug. 2016]. Vogue uk. (2016).Raf for dior. [online] available at: https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2011/06/21/john-galliano-successor-who-will-take-over-at-christian-dior [accessed 10 aug. 2016]. Night Spirit, (2010). A study on make-up based on multiple expression form in the john galliano fashion show.Journal of investigative cosmetology, 6(1), pp.79-84. Shin Yu Kyung (2011). Representational methods of fun shown in john galliano fashion show make-up.Journalofkoreadesignforum, null(32), pp.239-248.

An Ace Cause and Effect Essay Complete Guide

An Ace Cause and Effect Essay Complete Guide Cause and Effect Essay Topics Definition of a Cause and Effect Essay All objects, events and phenomena – everything in this world is connected. Some connections are obvious for us, but we do not even have an idea about many of them. Even if it’s not visible or obvious in the beginning, every cause has its outcomes. One of the written tasks for a student is a cause and effect essay. When designing one, a student has to describe one event/object/phenomenon and present its outcomes. In our guide you will find useful tips on how to write an ace cause and effect essay. The goal of this kind of essay is to help the student develop their analytical skills. It is done through exploration and analysis of a given decision or event and definition of its results. It means that your essay should be logically structured, and show that you know a lot about the topic you write about. Through this essay students express the connection between different things. A student is to provide the process of how a decision/phenomenon/event influences the writer themselves, other people, and other events. When writing a cause and effect essay a student not only has to describe the cause and its effects but also answer two questions Why? and How?. Skills Students Develop When Writing a Cause and Effect Essay Every task has its purpose. Not always writing an essay is a pleasure. Quite often students do it just because they have to do it. However, the execution of this task will give you benefits not only in the form of a good grade. When you deal with a cause and effect essay you develop a number of skills: Writing skills. The more you write, the more efforts you invest in your work, the better you become. Organizational skills. If you approach things you need to do when you are organized you do them better. Writing this essay you will help yourself become more organized. How? You learn how to organize the information you have in a logical order. You may have lots of different effects of one event, but you need to put them in the right sequence, define the level of their significance. Such an approach will help your reader understand the subject better. Accuracy about details. Being attentive to details helps us in many situations. When you deal with a cause and effect essay you do not need to describe things obvious for everyone. You should aim at going deeper into details and notice what others cannot see. This will make your essay extremely interesting. Objective thinking. When you write a cause and effect essay you should put your emotions and your personal attitudes away. Thinking objectively is what you should do completing this task – providing facts and their reasonable outcomes. What to Write About Same like other types of essays, this one can tell about anything in our world. Things, people, events, actions that surround you every day can become a great topic for your cause and effect essay. Everything has its reasons and outcomes and it means you are unlimited in your choice of topic. Some of the areas of interest include: events in the world historical events politics social life ecological issues technologies relationships between people family life education healthcare science Cause and Effect Essay Structure Despite essays may have different goals and styles, all of them have a certain structure. Structure is what helps the writer distribute the entire information logically, highlight key points and make the essay easy to read. The structure includes introductory part, body part and conclusion. Being aware of the essay structure helps students compiling an outline of their paper. Outline or a plan helps to keep strict to the topic of your essay and provide information in the right order. A typical outline for a cause and effect essay contains: Introductory part in which you should strive to attract the attention of your audience, describe the topic you will be talking further and present the benefits of your audience from reading your essay. In this part you give your thesis. Body where you provide causes and effects of the event/phenomenon you write about. This is central and biggest in volume part of your essay. You should normally divide into several paragraphs. Their number would depend on the quantity of facts you have. It is possible to use different approaches: first, you name causes first and provide their effects afterwards; second, you give one cause and its outcome, and so on. Conclusive part. This is last but not the least part in your cause and effect essay. This is the last thing your readers will read in your essay this is why it should be written well to leave a good impression. In conclusion you summarize everything you said before, indicate the significance of your topic, and insert call for action. Different Outlines It should be obvious for you by now that making a good outline is the direct path to writing a winning composition. All the parts of the essay should be logically linked and have good reasoning. Depending on the essay topic and the materials you have your outlines can be different. Multiple Causes Lead to One Outcome If the event you describe had multiple causes that all together lead to one outcome, your essay outline will be as follows: Introductory part Body part: cause 1 cause 2 cause 3 (or more) Effects Conclusive part Example: Topic: Poor sanitation, disease and undercooked food as causes of diarrhea. The outcomes can be different: from intoxication to death. One Cause Leads to Many Outcomes Quite often students are asked to describe one event/decision/phenomenon that caused multiple effects. I this case the outline should be as follows: Introductory part Body part: effect 1 effect 2 cause 3 (or more) Conclusive part Example: Topic: Corruption in government leads to country’s overborrowing. The results can be many: decrease in wages, increase in taxes, increased cost of living, etc. Multiple Causes Lead to Multiple Outcomes Another format of this type of essay when the topic a student has to describe had multiple reasons that lead to multiple effects. Such essays can be rather difficult to write because a student has to be much focused on the details, stick to logical structure and not miss anything important. In this case the outline will be as follows: Introductory part Body part: cause 1 effect 1 leading to cause 2 effect 2 leading to cause 3 effect 3 leading to cause 4 (or more) Conclusive part Example: Topic: A large number of road accidents are caused by drunken drivers. The effects can be multiple: road accident may lead to death of people, their death will cause their relatives to grief. Another line of outcomes is that drunken drivers may be fined, imprisoned. Another line of outcomes is the damage to the vehicle. Tips for Writing a Winning Cause and Effect Essay Obtaining new skills and talking on the subject you like can be cool. However, process of composing a cause and effect composition causes stress in many students. The tips below will help you stay cool and ease the writing process: Differentiate between cause and effect. It is unlikely you will not be able to differentiate between causes and effects, but still give it a minute to see what the catalyst is and what the consequences are. Conduct research. Whatever your topic is, no matter how good you know it, you have to conduct research. Read additional information, find out the opinion of other authors on this topic, try to expand your limits and look at the issue at different angle. Logical connections. The effects you provide have to be strongly and directly connected to the causes. If you are uncertain and there are no proofs of the connection between an effect and a cause it is better to leave it. Make quality your preference. Analyze the depth and strength of the link between a cause and effect. If it is vague, do not include it in your essay. It is better to write less but give good support to your words, than pile lots of information without good reasoning. Choose your method. The methods of presenting information were provided above. See what kind of information you have, what type of event/phenomenon/decision you describe, thus you will be able to present information in logical order. Transit from one point to another smoothly. Remember, all the parts of your essay should be connected between each other. Transition words will help you make the transition smooth: because, due to, resulting from this, etc. Provide proofs. All your words should be supported by good evidences. It is not enough just to say this effect was caused by this. Do not exaggerate. Do not try to increase the impact of your essay by exaggeration. Provide only proven facts. Put emotions away. In a cause and effect essay you should not provide your personal attitude to something. The aim is to provide facts and stay objective about your judgment. Stick to your purpose. When you write a cause-effect composition your aim is providing your audience with the information about effects of a certain cause/causes. You should not try to pursue your reader in certain point of view. Winning Topics for a Cause and Effect Essay In some cases topic for essays are provided by supervisors. However, quire often students are free to come up with the topics on their own. This can be a bit stressful, this is why we have prepared a list of winning topics in different subjects. Good Topics What causes voter apathy? What are the effects of parents divorce on a child? Can relationships be affected by abortion? What are the reasons for poverty in America? What makes obesity increase in the US? Do violent video games affect children’s psyche? What are the effects of being addicted to sports? Why more and more students drop education and what it will lead to? Why people spend more money on online shopping? What is the impact of technologies on human society? What effects does feminism have on marriage? What causes air pollution of what are the consequences? Relationships and Family What are the reasons for cheating on your partner? What can living together before marriage lead to? How does growing up in a one-parent family affect us? What is the impact of spending holidays together for family relationships? Destructive relationships between siblings: causes and effects Environment Is there one decisive factor for environment changes? Does human intrusion into nature have positive or negative effect on our planet? What causes climatic catastrophes? Human intrusion on planet: good or bad? What are the possible consequences of global warming? Social Life How is community affected by frequent violence? Is real life communication influenced by social networks? Why there are so many poor people in big cities? What effect does lack of freedom have on people? Living in poor housing: possible effects Technology How is youth affected by internet? How modern technologies influence kids? How useful is it to apply modern technologies in the study process? What impact does progress have on environment? What helped Japan develop so fast? Education What effect will have changing of major subject during the study process? What are the effects of becoming a top student? What will happen if a student fails an exam? What happens if a student gets caught cheating at exam? Why should students be involved in extra curriculum activities? Health How is our general health affected by our diet? Should teenagers be vaccinated? How is it to have smallpox when you are adult? What does long-term smoking lead to? If you don’t sleep during your preparations for exams what are the possible effects? Food How eating seafood does effects our health? What are the benefits of being a vegetarian? What are the outcomes of eating a lot of fast food? What are the outcomes of eating food with GMO? What causes loss of appetite? Culture Why are comedies so popular? What impact has listening to favourite music on us? Free music download: outcomes for a singer What are the possible effects of addiction to video games? Get Help with Writing Your Essay Writing your cause and effect essay does not have to make you stressed. Modern technologies help to make the process much simpler. Topic Generators If you are to chose your own topic for your essay you don’t have to browse for hours on internet to search for something interesting. You can use platforms where you will easily find topic either by different categories, by alphabet or keyword. Essay Templates There are platforms where you can find a lot of successful essay samples. Looking through several samples will help you arrange everything in your head and get a better idea of what and how you should write. Essay Checker When your essay is done, you need to check it for uniqueness. Your teacher will definitely do it to make sure you did not copy the essay from somewhere. There are websites where you can do the plagiarism checking. Essay Writing Services Reliable professional writing service has a team of cool writers who know everything about essays, are experts in their areas, and possess necessary skills for writing. At Tutoriage we have the best writers who will write your essay from scratch and assist you until it is accepted by your teacher. Essay Editing Tutoriage provides editing services for students who have written their essays and need a professional opinion, want to have possible mistakes corrected. Our editors and proofreaders will correct spelling, grammar, lexical mistakes, improve style and formatting.

Diplomacy and How America Does It

Diplomacy and How America Does It In its basic social sense, â€Å"diplomacy† is defined as the art of getting along with other people in a sensitive, tactful, and effective manner. In its political sense, diplomacy is the art of conducting polite, non-confrontational negotiations between representatives, knows as â€Å"diplomats,† of various nations. Typical issues dealt with through international diplomacy include war and peace, trade relations, economics, culture, human rights, and the environment. As part of their jobs, diplomats often negotiate treaties   formal, binding agreements between nations which must then be approved or â€Å"ratified† by the governments of the individual nations involved. In short, the goal of international diplomacy is to reach mutually acceptable solutions to common challenges facing nations in a peaceful, civil manner. How the US Uses Diplomacy Supplemented by military strength along with economic and political influence, the United States depends on diplomacy as the primary means of achieving its foreign policy goals. Within the U.S. federal government, the presidential Cabinet-level Department of State has primary responsibility for conducting international diplomatic negotiations. Using the best practices of diplomacy, the ambassadors and other representatives of the Department of State work to achieve the agency’s mission to â€Å"shape and sustain a peaceful, prosperous, just, and democratic world and foster conditions for stability and progress for the benefit of the American people and people everywhere.† State Department diplomats represent the interests of the United States in a diverse and rapidly-evolving field of multi-national discussions and negotiations involving issues such as cyber warfare, climate change, sharing outer space, human trafficking, refugees, trade, and unfortunately, war and peace. While some areas of negotiation, such as trade agreements, offer changes for both sides to benefit, more complex issues involving the interests of multiple nations or those that are particularly sensitive to one side or the other can make reaching an agreement more difficult. For U.S. diplomats, the requirement for Senate approval of agreements further complicates negotiations by limiting their room to maneuver. According to the Department of State, the two most important skills diplomats need are a complete understanding of the U.S. view on the issue and an appreciation of the culture and interests of the foreign diplomats involved. â€Å"On multilateral issues, diplomats need to understand how their counterparts think and express their unique and differing beliefs, needs, fears, and intentions,† notes the Department of State. Rewards and Threats are Tools of Diplomacy During their negotiations, diplomats may use two very different tools to reach agreements: rewards and threats. Rewards, such as the sale of arms, economic aid, shipments of food or medical assistance, and promises of new trade are often used to encourage agreement. Threats, usually in the form of sanctions restricting trade, travel or immigration, or cutting off financial aid are sometimes used when negotiations become deadlocked. Forms of Diplomatic Agreements: Treaties and More Assuming they end successfully, diplomatic negotiations will result in an official, written agreement detailing the responsibilities and expected actions of all nations involved. While the best-known form of diplomatic agreements is the treaty, there are others. Treaties A treaty is a formal, written agreement between or among countries and international organizations or sovereign states. In the United States, treaties are negotiated through the executive branch by the Department of State. After diplomats from all countries involved have agreed to and signed the treaty, the President of the United States sends it to the U.S. Senate for its â€Å"advice and consent† on ratification. If the Senate approves the treaty by a two-thirds majority vote, it is returned to the White House for the president’s signature. Since most other countries have similar procedures for ratifying treaties, it can take sometimes take years for them to be fully approved and implemented. For example, while Japan surrendered to allied forces in World War II on September 2, 1945, the U.S. did not ratify a Treaty of Peace with Japan until September 8, 1951. Interestingly, the U.S. has never agreed to a peace treaty with Germany, largely because of the political division of Germany in the years after the war. In the United States, a treaty may be nullified or canceled only by the enactment of a bill approved by Congress and signed by the president.   Treaties are created to deal with a wide array of multinational issues including peace, trade, human rights, geographic borders, immigration, national independence, and more. As times change, the scope of subjects covered by treaties widens to keep pace with current events. In 1796, for example, the U.S. and Tripoli agreed to a treaty to protect American citizens from kidnapping and ransom by pirates in the Mediterranean Sea. In 2001, the United States and 29 other countries agreed to an international agreement to combat cybercrime. Conventions A diplomatic convention is a type of treaty that defines an agreed-upon framework for further diplomatic relations between independent countries on a wide variety of issues. In most cases, countries create diplomatic conventions to help deal with shared concerns. In 1973, for example, representatives of 80 countries, including the United States, formed the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) to protect rare plants and animals around the world. Alliances Nations typically create diplomatic alliances to deal with mutual security, economic or political issues or threats. For example, in 1955, the Soviet Union and several Eastern European communist countries formed a political and military alliance known as the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet Union proposed the Warsaw Pact as a response to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), formed by the United States, Canada and Western European nations in 1949. The Warsaw Pact was dissolved shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Since then, several Eastern European nations have joined NATO. Accords While diplomats work to agree on the terms of a binding treaty, they will sometimes agree to voluntary agreements called â€Å"accords.† Accords are often created while negotiating particularly complicated or controversial treaties involving many countries. For example, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol is an accord among nations to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases.   Who Are the Diplomats? Along with an administrative support staff, each of the nearly 300 U.S. embassies, consulates, and diplomatic missions worldwide is overseen by one presidentially appointed â€Å"ambassador† and group of â€Å"Foreign Service Officers† who assist the ambassador. The ambassador also coordinates the work of representatives of other U.S. federal government agencies in the country. At some large overseas embassies, personnel from as many as 27 federal agencies work in concert with the embassy staff. The ambassador is the president’s top-ranking diplomatic representative to foreign nations or international organizations, like the United Nations. Ambassadors are appointed by the president and must be confirmed by a simple majority vote of the Senate. At larger embassies, the ambassador is often assisted by a â€Å"deputy chief of mission (DCM). In their role as â€Å"chargà © daffaires,† the DCMs serve as the acting ambassador when the main ambassador is outside the host country or when the post is vacant. The DCM also oversees the day-to-day administrative management of the embassy, as well as the work if the Foreign Service Officers. Foreign Service Officers are professional, trained diplomats who represent U.S. interests abroad under the direction of the ambassador. The Foreign Service Officers observe and analyze current events and public opinion in the host nation and report their findings to the ambassador and Washington. The idea is to ensure that U.S. foreign policy is responsive to the needs of the host nation and its people. An embassy generally houses five types of Foreign Service Officers: Economic Officers: work with the host nation’s government to negotiate new trade laws, ensure internet freedom, protect the environment, or fund scientific and medical advances.Management Officers: are the â€Å"go-to† diplomats with responsibility for all embassy operations from real estate to staffing to budgeting.Political Officers: advise the ambassador on political events, public opinion, and cultural changes in the host nation.Public Diplomacy Officers: have the sensitive job of building support for U.S. policies within the host nation through public participation; social media; educational, cultural and sports programs; and all manner of daily â€Å"people-to-people† relations.Consular Officers: assist and protect American citizens in the host nation. If you lose your passport, get in trouble with the law, or want to get married to a foreigner overseas, the Consular Officers can help. So, what qualities or traits do diplomats need to be effective? As Benjamin Franklin said, â€Å"The qualities of a diplomat are sleepless tact, unmovable calmness, and a patience that no folly, no provocation, no blunders may shake.†

Business ethics-the mcdonald's 'beef fries' controversy Essay

Business ethics-the mcdonald's 'beef fries' controversy - Essay Example How a company deals with past public issues, stakeholder issues and community concerns determines the employees’ perception of the importance of citizenship matters. Even though people in the West are basically non-vegetarian, America does have a good strength of vegetarians. Besides, there are many who avoid beef on ethical, religious or health grounds. These were ignored by McDonald’s when they decided to add beef flavoring agent when they started losing customers. According to Robinson (2002), ethics is a set of moral principles held by an individual or a group, encompassing individual behaviour, environmental policy, staff policy, and corporate social responsibility, which has gained importance recently. Demands of the shareholders, stakeholders and investors are forcing industries to maintain a high morality in how companies conduct business. Any deviation can adversely affect the brand image, customer retention, and overall business. McDonald’s initially declined to comment and then issued a ‘conditional apology’. As the people became more violent, the company kept changing their approach. This adversely affected their brand image. McDonald’s follows the ‘Code of Federal Regulations’ which does not require the restaurants to list the ingredients. The French fry suppliers do use a small amount of beef flavoring agent as an ingredient in the raw material. The ingredients in ‘natural flavorsâ€⠄¢ need not be broken down. This was their initial reaction but when there was an upsurge created, they reacted saying that they never claimed that the fries sold in US were vegetarian but this claim of theirs was also subsequently proved wrong. They went on the defensive instead. They were blamed for deceiving million of people who may not want to have beef extract in their fries for religious, health, ethical or other reasons. The Utilitarian and deontological perception on Kant on ethics is

Ground Response and Seismic Slope Stability Coursework

Ground Response and Seismic Slope Stability - Coursework Example In this report, two parts are considered. In the first part, a ground response analysis for two sites is run while the second part proposes possible design accelerations on basis of the analysis in designing of an embankment structure that will support the proposed roadway. Both of the proposed sites are located in Jamaica. With regard to ground response analysis, edushake analysis program is made use and the results obtained are as displayed in the various tables displayed throughout this report. The input data used are as provided in the coursework materials while the thickness is obtained through calculation of the difference between the depths. A table from the web forms the basis of assumptions made with regard to respective soil’s unit weight. Each soil type has its respective stress (), pore pressure (u) as well as effective stress (’) associated with it (Bhandari and Sharma, 2001). Two equations, one for sand and the second one for clay are used in in calculatio n of maximum shear stress based on the literature from the book of Steven Kramer’s. ... Width of crest: 15m Height of embankment: 11m Traffic loading surcharge: 15kPa Design PHA (horizontal acceleration): 0.3500g from the ground response analysis 0.3500g from the ground response analysis 0 The embankment is designed using a 1.56 safety factor to facilitate long term and short term stability. With the help of STB2010, the embankment’s parameters were generated using the ordinary method of slices also referred to as Fellenius method for static and seismic stability analysis. The necessary soil characteristics are provided in the table below: Drained strength with strength parameters: c’=0kPa and Ã'„=25? Unit weight of water: ?w = 9.81kN/m2 Undrained strength: c’=85kPa Unit weight of placed material: ? = 20kN/m2 It should be noted that the water table is located at the toe of the embankment. All the assumptions and calculations for the design of the embankment are shown from the Figure 3.1 to the next page. The data as provided in the spreadsheet is as shown below: Basing the divisions on four slices, the ordinary method of slices for design of embankments for drained as well as undrained soil is used. The initial embankment was generated based on the six slices. Consequently, an angle (?) was established in the middle of each slice at the horizontal’s base after which sin (?) and cos (?) were obtained. The equation given below was used in evaluation of the length of each individual slice: The height was measured from the middle of each slice. Additionally, the height (hw) was measured from the middle base of each slice to the point of the water table after which the pore pressure at the base of the slice base was calculated based