Evolutionary Imperatives and Genes are the Driving Force Beh essays

Evolutionary Imperatives and Genes are the Driving Force Beh essays Evolutionary imperatives and genes are the driving force behind animal and human instincts and behavior Humans have for a long time now wondered what it is that drives us to behave the way we do. The most popular theory was that our actions are an equal combination of nature and nurture. Or, instincts and how we were raised. This is no longer considered to be true. New studies and findings show that the scale has been tipped more towards instincts and genes. To better understand how instincts and genes drive us we must first realize that humans are in fact animals. We, as humans tend to place our species a tier above other animals. The truth is, many other species can act, think, and reason much the same way that we do. The most notable examples of this are found in the studies of apes. Chimpanzees, for example, can figure out how to solve a puzzle on their own, seem to do so in much the same way as humans and, like humans will do it for no other reward than the satisfaction of having done it. (Chance pg.1) Apes also display other human characteristics by making tools and using sign language in original ways to express new ideas. The apes are not the only other species that display human tendencies. Porpoises can be trained to not only perform tricks but also invent or create their own. (Chance pg.1) Behavior is not the only trait that animals and humans have in common. Mans behavioral equipment of sense organs, nerves, and hormones is basically the same as that of other mammals and similar to that of vertebrates. (Davis pg.110) Not only is their behavioral equipment the same but also the responses to environmental stimuli are similar to those of other vertebrates. Davis also states that, Mans social organization is derived directly from that of primates and parallels the organization of a large number of vertebrates. (Pg. 110) The truth is, man is so similar to other animals ...

How to Make a Storm Glass to Predict the Weather

How to Make a Storm Glass to Predict the Weather You may not feel the approach of impending storms, but the weather causes changes in the atmosphere that affect chemical reactions. You can use your command of chemistry to make a storm glass to help predict the weather. Storm Glass Materials 2.5 g potassium nitrate2.5 g ammonium chloride33 mL distilled water40 mL ethanol10 g natural camphor How to Make the Storm Glass Dissolve the potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride in the water.Dissolve the camphor in the ethanol.Add the potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride solution to the camphor solution. You may need to warm the solutions to get them to mix.Either place the mixture in a corked test tube or seal it within glass. To seal glass, apply heat to the top of the tube until it softens, and tilt the tube so the glass edges melt together. If you use a cork, wrap it with parafilm or coat it with wax to ensure a good seal. A properly prepared storm glass should contain colorless, transparent liquid that will cloud or form crystals or other structures in response to the external environment. However, impurities in the ingredients may result in a colored liquid. Its impossible to predict whether or not these impurities will prevent the storm glass from working. A slight tint (amber, for example) may not be cause for concern. If the solution is always cloudy, its likely the glass wont function as intended. How to Interpret the Storm Glass A storm glass may present the following appearance: Clear liquid: bright and clear weatherCloudy liquid: cloudy weather, perhaps with precipitationSmall dots in the liquid: potentially humid or foggy weatherCloudy liquid with small stars: thunderstorms or snow, depending on the temperatureLarge flakes scattered throughout the liquid: overcast skies, possibly with rain or snowCrystals at the bottom: frostThreads near the top: wind The best way to associate the appearance of the storm glass with the weather is to keep a log. Record your observations about the glass and the weather. In addition to the characteristics of the liquid (clear, cloudy, stars, threads, flakes, crystals, and the location of crystals), record as much data as possible about the weather. If possible, include temperature, barometer readings (pressure), and relative humidity. Over time, youll be able to predict the weather based on how your glass behaves. Keep in mind, a storm glass is more of a curiosity than a scientific instrument. Its better to allow the weather service to make predictions. How the Storm Glass Works The premise of the functioning of the storm glass is that temperature and pressure affect solubility, sometimes resulting in a clear liquid and other times causing precipitants to form. In similar barometers, the liquid level moves up or down a tube in response to atmospheric pressure. Sealed glasses are not exposed to the pressure changes that would account for much of the observed behavior. Some people have proposed that surface interactions between the glass wall of the barometer and the liquid contents account for the crystals. Explanations sometimes include effects of electricity or quantum tunneling across the glass. History of the Storm Glass This type of storm glass was used by Robert FitzRoy, the captain of the HMS Beagle during Charles Darwins voyage. FitzRoy acted as meteorologist and hydrologist for the journey. FitzRoy stated storm glasses had been made in England for at least a century before his 1863 publication of The Weather Book. He had started to study the glasses in 1825. FitzRoy described their properties and noted there was a wide variation in the functioning of the glasses, depending on the formula and method used to create them. The basic formula of the liquid of a good storm glass consisted of camphor, partially dissolved in alcohol; along with water; ethanol; and a bit of air space. FitzRoy emphasized the glass needed to be hermetically sealed, not open to the outside environment. Modern storm glasses are widely available as curiosities. The reader may expect variation in their appearance and function, as the formula for making the glass is as much an art as a science.

Operation Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Operation Management - Research Paper Example Operation management 1. Introduction The five star hotel described in the case study must consider a variety of factors when considering new and existing operational strategy. The hotel is large-scale in that it offers 250 bedrooms which must be regularly serviced and monitored for cleanliness and relevance to fulfilling the customer needs. This requires a labour-intensive focus to ensure that all elements of the guest experience are fulfilled, thus the need for a structured and regulated cleaning and maintenance crew must be established and managed appropriately. The hotel’s three kitchens will require more demands, especially in relation to quality and management, as it is designed to cater and service walk-in patrons from the external environment and guests as well. All of these facilities require an operational approach that takes into consideration design, the supply chain, planning, technology, and control from the management perspective, along with human resources, each with its own focus on input considerations and outcome demands. 2. Methodology of research The data gleaned for this report involved secondary desk research with consultation with various texts related to operations management, human behaviour, psychology and marketing. Because the role of employees is integral to the service encounter and maintaining a positive brand image, various journals regarding the role of human resources was not dismissed as part of operational and management strategy. The research identified case studies within a real-time hotel environment regarding environmental initiatives and human resources strategy as it relates to operations management in order to benchmark recommendations regarding what constitutes a quality contemporary operations strategy. Data was analysed by comparing the literature to the case study to identify correlations between concepts and operational strategy in order to gain an understanding of what operational components must be in pla ce in a large-scale, five star hotel environment. 3. Additional hotel features bearing on analysis One of the main themes associated with hotel environments and the hospitality industry as a whole is the human relations element related to employee motivation, worker role in marketing reputation, and general employee satisfaction. Though not described in the case study, the role of the service employee is vital to sustaining a quality reputation with customers and fulfilling their customer service expectations. Therefore, it was necessary to consult with literature describing the employee experience as well since their psychological and sociological attitudes will have a direct impact on their output results and interactions with diverse, international customers. The elements also associated with culture, both employee related and customer related, were also considered since most of the facility operational components maintain a high level of service interaction and will play directl y on whether or not the customers remain loyal to the hotel brand. These are important inputs when considering restaurant quality, cocktail environments where socialization between staff and customers is routine and the organisational structure that guides the hotel environment.

Public health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Public health - Essay Example Morbidity on the other hand refers to the degree of effect of a disease on the victim. Mortality represents the number of deaths resulting from a given disease (Friis and Sellers 93-99). These terms could be interrelated in different ways. For instance, when incidence rate increases, prevalence increases correspondingly. However, morbidity could be independent of incidence and prevalence. On the other hand, morbidity and mortality rate are largely dependent. When morbidity rate is high, then mortality rates are also likely to be high as well. This is because a disease with a high morbidity rate is likely to cause more fatalities hence higher mortality rates. High incidence rates could also mean high mortality rates, as high incidence rate translates to higher number of people being diagnosed with a given disease. The higher the incidence rates, the higher the probability of fatalities, which translates to high mortality rates. Conversely, high mortality rates could be highly correlated to high morbidity, incidence, or prevalence rates or a combination of

Systems Maintenance Essay Example for Free

Systems Maintenance Essay Onsite help desk will be located at the head Office. It will provide help desk support to all of their branches via a toll-free number and/or website. When a problem has occurred at a franchisee, the franchisee staff needs to log a call through to their helpdesk over phone or website. The help desk will try to troubleshoot over phone first and if that does not fix the problem, subsequently they will organize for a technician to attend ASAP. In addition to that there will a full time technician at the web server location at the head office providing 247 support. User support will be provided in number of methods, such as online documentation and troubleshooting, a help desk, technical support, end user satisfaction, resolving service request quickly and seamlessly, increase productivities, online document, online enquiry facilities, online transaction facilities and others. A. User Documentation a. User guide The user guide would feature all the roles of the system users and the various functionalities they possess for the successful operation and use of the system. A business process-oriented manual The business process oriented model would collate all the business processes that the equipment tracking system holds and ensures rightful use of them for exploiting the system. c. Security policies for the equipment tracking system The security issues are the primary issues which an organization must take care to protect their data which is king to any organization. In particular as the system implements payment system, security is very much required as that would ensure safe communication with financial information. The following are the identified issues and their correct implementation process: 1. Login/Access Issues: Every customer would be asked to sign up with the company before any services are provided. That would ensure safety of transactions made with the company. It could be similar to Pay Pal, where a person can get verified by giving his Credit card number. 2. Back up: Periodic backups can be taken of the database in magnetic tapes so that data remains safe and is not lost. The saved data also ensures continuity of business and good recoverability options. 3. Antivirus software: The system needs to be protected against all vulnerabilities and threats like viruses. Good anti-virus software would ensure that the system is well protected and operations will not halt for any external threat. 4. Access control: This ensures that everyone is not allowed to access all information and all business functions. Access control is a mechanism which creates views for every type of user. Views are used for giving a user a specific access area outside which nothing is available. Such as an accounts officer should not be able to view reports of the profits in the business which is meant for the owners and higher management. B. Evaluation 1. Critical Appraisal The database designed is a fully automated system for the equipment tracking system. It follows all the CRUD properties and ensure better handling the users and the roles. 2. Strengths of each stage All information is stored and retrieved in the RDBMS tool created for the system. 3. Weaknesses of each stage The cost of maintaining the system is a little overhead for the organization. The backups and support issues may pose a problem. C. Conclusion The equipment tracking system’s fundamental goal was to manage the inventory and ascertain at any point of time the availability of the equipments to be allocated to departments. Another intention is to check the various calculations of the firm based on their earnings and profit in the long run. Content should be maintained and produced for scan-ability. Engineering principles were a necessity in the complexity/diversity surrounding online activity. Legal and ethical issues are vital to security conscious users. Further work can be in the form of a web based system to spread its operation and functionality over the internet to increase its usability, acceptance, workability and many other factors. The systems development model based on the web technologies would make sure that the complete supply chain of the business is managed thoroughly by the system and would take care of the process of getting the products to their warehouse to ultimately selling to the customers (Laudon, 2003). Online order tracking options can be implemented to reinforce visual symbols such as â€Å"Best Buys†, â€Å"Add to Basket† and instructions to â€Å"proceed to Basket and Checkout† which are reminders of physical store environments, providing familiarity to customers. (Weick, 2001). References / Bibliography Barry Mawer (2000). Systems Maintenance, vol 32, pp 12. Booch, Grady (2003). Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications, 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley Professional.

Cells :: essays research papers

History of the Cell Theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cells, the make-up of all living things. Some cell are complete organisms, such as unicellular bacteria and protozoa. Other types of cells are called multicellular, such as nerve cells and muscle cells. Withen the cell is genetic material, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) containing coded instructions for the behavior and reproduction of the cell. The cell was first discovered by the 1665 English scientist Robert Hooke, who studied the dead cells of cork with a crude microscope. Robert Hooke was born on the isle of Whight and educated at the University of Oxford. Hooke could not have discovered the cell without the microscope which was developed by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek a 1674 Dutch maker of microscopes. Leeuwenhoek born in Delft, Holland and had little or no scientific education. Leeuwenhoek also confirmed the discovery of capillary systems. Theodor Schwann a German physiologist born in Neuss and educated at the universities of Bonn, Wurzburg, and Berlin, Schwann was involved in the study of the structure of plant and animal tissues. Along with Matthias Jakob Schleiden a German botanist, Schwann proposed the cell theory. The cell theory has three parts:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. All organisms are composed of cells.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. All cells come from preexisting cells.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The impact on science was very great due to the discovery of cells and the cell theory. Many or all things were effected by the discovery of cells, everything was looked upon in a different way. Some people still did not believe that all living organisms were made of tiny microscopic chambers called

Toothpaste and Colgate

INDEX S. No. | CONTENTS| PageNo. | 1| COMPANY PROFILE| 4| 2| INTRODUCTION| 5-7| 3| COMPANY HISTORY| 9-12| 4| MARKETING MIX| 11-16| 5| BCG MATRIX| 14-18| 6| SWOT ANALYSIS| | 7| STP ANALYSIS| | 8| BALACESHEET| | 9| RECOMMANDATIONS| | 9| CONCLUSION| | 10| | | COMPANY PROFILE Company name Colgate Palmolive Ltd. Date of Establishment 1937 Revenue 347. 188 (USD in Millions) Market Cap 111160. 5286158 (Rs.In millions) Corporate Address Colgate Research Centre, Main Street Hiranandani Gardens Powai ,Mumbai-400076, Maharashtra WWW. colgate. co. in Management Details Chair person – J Skala MD – R D CalmeyerDirectors – Derrick Samuel, J K Setna,Skala, K V Vaidyaanathan, M Elias,PK Ghosh, R A Shah, V S Mehta Business Operation Household &Personal Products Background Colgate-palmolive is Rs 1. 300 crore company started in year 1937. In Rs 2,400 crore domestic market it enjoys 50% of markets share.It spread across 4. 5 million retails outlets out of which 1. 5 million are direct outlets. Financials Total Income – Rs 20606. 60 Million (year Ending Mar 2010) Net Profit – Rs 4232. 60 Million (year Ending Mar 2010) Company Secretary K V VaidyanathanINTRODUCTION * Colgate – Palmolive Company is an American diversified multinational corporation focused on the production, distribution and provision of household, healthcare and personal products, such as soaps, detergents, and oral hygiene products (including toothpaste and toothbrushes). * Under its â€Å"Hills† brand, it is also a manufacturer of veterinary products. The company’s corporate offices are on Park Avenue in New York City, across from the Waldrof Astoria. * In India, it operates under the name as Colgate-Palmolive (India) limited and its head office is at Mumbai. Colgate Palmolive is a $10. 6 billion global company serving people in more than 200 countries and territories with consumer products that make lives healthier and more enjoyable. COLGATE PALMOLIVE INDIA: * Headquarter in Mumbai. * Annual Turnover around 1100 crs. * Market leaders in oral care. * Colgate consistently won India no 1 brand of the year award from last three years. * Colgate ranked among best employer in India. * Customer base of more than 8 lacs retailers. * Serviced by company field force, more than 1800 stockiest & super stockiest & their field force. Colgate is the brand that people trust, for complete oral care protection for themselves and ones they lov COMPANY HISTORY * 1806 – William Colgate starts a starch, soap and candle business on Dutch Street in New York City. * 1817 – First Colgate advertisement appears in a New York newspaper. * 1820 – Colgate establishes a starch factory in Jersey City, New Jersey. * 1857 – Upon the death of founder William Colgate, the company is reorganized as Colgate & Company under the management of Samuel Colgate, his son. * 1873 – Colgate introduces toothpaste in jars. * 1879 – Gerha rd Mennen establishes a pharmacy in Newark, NJ, later ecoming the Mennen Company. * 1896 – Colgate introduces toothpaste in a collapsible tube. * 1902 – Stylish Colgate advertising begins, emphasizing ingredient purity and product benefits. * 1906 – Colgate & Company celebrates its 100th anniversary. Product line includes over 800 different products. * 1911 – Colgate distributes two million tubes of toothpaste and toothbrushes to schools, and provides hygienists to demonstrate tooth brushing. * 1914 – Colgate establishes its first international subsidiary in Canada. * 1930 – On March 13, Colgate is first listed on the New York Stock Exchange. 1939 – Dr. Mark L. Morris develops a pet food to help save a guide dog named Buddy from kidney disease. This breakthrough leads to the first Hill's Prescription Diet product. * 1956 – Colgate opens corporate headquarters at 300 Park Avenue in New York City. * 1968 – Colgate toothpas te adds MFP Fluoride, clinically proven to reduce cavities. * 1972 – Colgate acquires Hoyt Laboratories, which later becomes Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals. * 1985 – Colgate-Palmolive enters into a joint venture with Hong Kong-based Hawley ; Hazel, a leading oral care company, which adds strength in key Asian markets. 1989 – Annual Company sales surpass the $5 billion mark. * 1995 – Colgate enters Central Europe and Russia, expanding into fast-growing markets. * 1997 – Colgate Total toothpaste is introduced in the U. S. and quickly becomes the market leader. Only Colgate Total, with its 12-hour protection, fights a complete range of oral health problems. * 2004 – Colgate acquires the GABA oral care business in Europe, with its strength in the important European pharmacy channel and its ties with the dental community. * Today †¦Today, with sales surpassing $15 billion, Colgate focuses on four core businesses: Oral Care, Personal Care, Home Care and Pet Nutrition. Colgate now sells its products in over 200 countries and territories worldwide. MARKETING MIX MARKETING MIX CUSTOMER WANTS AND NEEDS PRODUCT COST TO SATISFY PROMOTION PLACE PRICE CONVIENCE TO BUY COMMUNICATION 1. Product :- * The product, the Precision toothbrush, is a product that should add value to a buyer’s life. * It should also add utility, and meet the wants and needs of targeted consumers. The product should be unique and different from all similar products that are already available on the market. * The strategy is to differentiate the product’s design and packaging, which in return will cause the toothbrush to stand out. VARIOUS TYPES OF COLGATE 2. Price:- * The price of a product says something about the quality. * Even though the quality of the Precision toothbrush will be significantly higher than other leading toothbrushes, the price of the toothbrush will be determined by the prices of the other toothbrushes already in the market . This pricing strategy is a result of positioning the toothbrush as a mainstream product rather than a niche product. COLGATE| 20gms| 40gms| 50gms| 75gms| 80gms| 100gms| 150gms| 200gms| 300gms| Dental cream| 5rs| —-| 14rs| —-| —-| 30rs| 45rs| 56rs| 86rs| Max fresh| —| —| 15rs| —| 32rs| 35rs| 55rs| —-| —| Total| —-| —-| —| 35rs| —| —| 65rs| —| —| Sensitive | —| —| 35rs| —| —| 60rs| —| —| —| Kids| —| 26rs| –| —| —| —| —| —| —| Advance whitening| —| —| —| 27rs| —| —| 53rs| —| —| Active salt| —-| —| 14rs| —-| —-| 30rs| —-| 54rs| —-| Cibaca| —| —| —| —| —| 18rs| —| 28rs| —| Herbal| —| —| 14rs| —| —| 30rs| —| 55rs| —| Fresh energy gel| —| —-| —-| —–| —| —| 55rs| 60rs| —| 3. Place:- * Place represents the location where a product can be purchased. * The most important part of marketing is how a product will get from the seller to the buyer. * Many products go through a channel of distribution, which involves manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers. The distribution strategy proposed for the Precision toothbrush is through dentists, plastic surgeons, drug stores, grocery stores, large retail stores, and department stores. * The product is available in the all India market, including semi-urban & rural markets which are their primary focus. 4. Promotion :- * Product promotion is communication spread through advertising, Publicity and sales promotion. * Promotion represents all of the communication that marketers use in the market. * We suggest that Colgate-Palmolive advertise their products by using commercial, maga zine ads, the radio, ads that are to be placed in dentist ffices, billboards, and the sides of buses. * Advertising is done to promote new products, remind consumers of existing products, and also promote the image of the company at hand. We also suggested that Colgate offer special coupons and rebates through their other products, and also food products. * Also, Colgate could benefit from the usage of in-store displays. * Most of the promotional activities would be T. V. media. * T. V. , FM radio for urban population. * Promotion towards rural population also. BCG MATRIX * The BCG matrix or also called BCG model relates to marketing.The BCG model is a well- known portfolio management tool used in product life cycle theory. * BCG matrix is often used to prioritize which products within company product mix get more funding and attention. * The BCG matrix model is a portfolio planning model developed by Bruce Henderson of the BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP in the early 1970’s. * The B CG model is based on classification of products (and implicitly also company business units) into four categories based on combination of market growth and market share relative to the largest competitor. SWOT ANALYSIS â€Å"SWOT is an acronym for the internal strength and weakness of a firm and the environmental opportunities and threats facing the firm. * SWOT analysis is a widely used technique through which managers create a quick overview of a company’s strategic situation. * The technique is based on the assumptions that an effective strategy derives from a sound â€Å"fit† between a firm’s internal resources (strengths and weakness) and its external situation (opportunities and threats). INTERNAL FACTORS:- (1) STRENGTH:- * Colgate dental cream offers all-round cavity protection, even where a toothbrush cannot reach. Its great mint taste freshens breath. * It protects against root caries. * It cleans ; makes teeth whiter and repairs early decay spots. * E xtremely popular brand and high brand awareness due to advertising. (2) WEAKNESS:- * High dependence of the company on a single category i. e. , oral care. * Reduction in advertisement expenditure in order to maintain growth. EXTERNAL FACTORS (3) OPPORTUNITIES:- * Leverage on fact that Colgate has been ranked as the most trusted brand in India. * Focus on innovations and new product launches by deploying advanced technologies. Growth in emerging markets – rural and semi- urban. (4) THREATS:- * High competition from competitive brands like Pepsodent from HUL. * Increasing commodity prices for manufacturing. STP ANALYSIS (1) SEGMENTATION :- * Colgate’s market segmentation is very broad because all their products are of need to most people so those people share a similar interest in product needs. * Colgate uses a segmentation bases by knowing that certain groups of people need Colgate toothpaste for a specific similar reason like yellow teeth, sensitive teeth or just tee th with cavities. Colgate also uses the family life cycle because they make toothpaste that could be used for grownups and children. * Also, toothbrushes are made to attract young children with cartoon characters and different tastes and are less strong so that it wouldn’t damage their gums. (2) TARGET GROUP:- * MAX FRESH :– Colgate targeted youth with the introduction of this toothpaste, as this helps in refreshes breath. * ACTIVE SALT :- Elder people are targeted in this segment as it makes teeth stronger and provides protection from cavities. COLGATE TOTAL :- Colgate Total contains the anti-microbial ingredient triclosan, which reduces the number of bacteria that cause gingivitis, cavities and halitosis Basically it’s for kids but Mothers are targeted as they are very concerned about their kids. This toothpaste safeguards teeth for 12 hours. * COLGATE SENSITIVE :- People who have sensitive teeth are targeted in this segment who have problem in their gums. * K IDS TOOTHPASTE :- Often small children don’t like to brush teeth, so for them this toothpaste was launched. Colgate had focused on taste aspect to encourage kids to brush teeth. COLGATE WHITENNING – A whitening toothpaste that is â€Å"Clinically-proven to whiten in 14 days†. Its whitening ingredient is hydrogen peroxide, which gradually bleaches the teethFocus is given on group of customers in this segment those who are already suffering from plaque in their teeth. * COLGATE 2in1 :- People who want both strongness and fresh breath are targeted. (3) POSITIONING:- * Colgate dental cream positions itself as toothpaste that has the necessary calcium and minerals to provide decay protection, strong teeth, germ protection and fresher breath. Colgate positioned several toothpaste so that people would like the products more like adding a different style or taste to the toothpaste. * Colgate repositions their products because with the way they market and promote their p roducts, consumers know that these products are way better than other brands and competition that is out there. * Lately with competition from indigenous â€Å"vegetarian† toothpastes, Colgate dental cream has also positioned itself as an â€Å"always 100% vegetarian† toothpaste. The tagline of its advertisements, â€Å"trusted by generations to make teeth stronger†. Colgate total12 have been projected as the â€Å"most advanced toothpaste† that provide 12 hr germ protection even after eating and drinking by building a protective shield around the teeth. * Colgate max fresh positions itself on the basis of â€Å"freshness†. The tagline â€Å"new dimensions brings† home this very point. * Colgate kids toothpaste tries to position itself based on emotions which is apparent in its tagline â€Å"makes fighting cavities fun† RECOMMANDATIONS * Colgate should hire celebrities for the advertisement. They should also increase their CSR activit ies because they have very good image in the market. * Target market should be clearly emphasized in the advertisement. * Colgate should emphasize on digital branding i. e. , online purchase. * Colgate should use colorful paste to create uniqueness. BALANCESHEET | Mar ‘ 12| Mar ‘ 11| Mar ‘ 10| Mar ‘ 09| Mar ‘ 08| Sources of funds| Owner's fund| Equity share capital| 13. 60| 13. 60| 13. 60| 13. 60| 13. 60| Share application money| -| -| -| -| -| Preference share capital| -| -| -| -| -| Reserves & surplus| 421. 79| 370. 45| 312. 51| 202. 0| 148. 61| Loan funds| Secured loans| -| -| -| -| -| Unsecured loans| -| 0. 05| 4. 59| 4. 69| 4. 69| Total| 435. 39| 384. 10| 330. 70| 220. 98| 166. 89| Uses of funds| Fixed assets| Gross block| 522. 50| 579. 83| 534. 52| 425. 26| 449. 59| Less : revaluation reserve| -| -| -| -| -| Less : accumulated depreciation| 268. 08| 324. 79| 287. 57| 251. 33| 258. 19| Net block| 254. 42| 255. 04| 246. 95| 173. 93| 191. 41| Capital work-in-progress| 69. 38| 12. 26| 6. 19| 4. 67| 7. 59| Investments| 47. 12| 38. 74| 21. 00| 38. 33| 72. 59| Net current assets| Current assets, loans & advances| 758. 8| 739. 21| 626. 71| 577. 18| 444. 85| Less : current liabilities & provisions| 694. 21| 661. 15| 570. 15| 573. 13| 549. 54| Total net current assets| 64. 47| 78. 06| 56. 56| 4. 06| -104. 69| Miscellaneous expenses not written| -| -| -| -| -| Total| 435. 39| 384. 10| 330. 70| 220. 98| 166. 89| Notes:| Book value of unquoted investments| -| 38. 74| 21. 00| 33. 01| 56. 39| Market value of quoted investments| -| -| -| 5. 00| 15. 60| Contingent liabilities| 68. 45| 82. 06| 62. 75| 46. 46| 46. 67| Number of equity shares outstanding (Lacs)| 1359. 93| 1359. 93| 1359. 3| 1359. 93| 1359. 93| CONCLUSION * By the Detailed study on the product and market of COLGATE it was able to get a clear picture of the past and present of the products and was able to get in to the assumptions about the future of the product. * The Brand â₠¬Å"COLGATE† has been sold successfully and has created a good demand all the time. * It is also holding a good place in the toothpaste market with a share of around 10% – 15%. * As like for all other products Colgate is also facing a tight competition in the toothpaste Market. Since the competition is too strong the company has to keep on watching market closely for avoiding any sudden collapse for the product. * Finally, it should note that the company may have to face lot of threats in coming years like political threats, legislation threats ongoing economic crisis, changing life style of the people etc. If the company is able to overcome all the threats and can prepare themselves for facing the problems in advance it can achieve a good growth for â€Å"COLGATE†.